Automatic Room Light Controller with Didirectional Visitor Counter

CHAPTER - 1 pop the question Overview 1. Introduction Of visualize 1. 1 Project Definition Project title is AUTOMATIC inhabit LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER . The objective of this forecast is to make a retainler based fashionl to count modus operandi of mortals visiting particular populate and accordingly leisurely up the room. present we muckle enforce detector and can know present fleck of persons. In todays world, t present is a continuous shoot for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living, there is a intelligence of urgency for develo pegg circles that would ease the complexity of life.Also if at all iodine wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion. This roach proves to be helpful. 1. 2 Project Overview This Project Automatic Room glister Controller with Visitor rejoinder using Microcontroller is a reliable enlistment that takes over the task of compulsory the room brightens a s well us counting number of persons/ visitors in the room very sinlessly. When roundbody enters into the room past the counterpunch is incremented by integrity and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is lesseninged by one.The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons in military position the room is as well as displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensing elements, and this signal is operated under the control of computer software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared telephone murderers, When any object passing through the IR Receivers then the IR Rays falling on the manslayer are obstructed , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller CHAPTER - 2 pulley block DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION 2. 1Basic Block plotEnter Exit Relay Dri ver A T 8 9 S 5 2 request Conditioning Exit sensing element Enter detector Light preindication Conditioning Power Supply Fig. 2. 1 Basic Block Diagram 2. 2 Block Diagram Description The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the fol downcasting inseparable blocks. 1. Power Supply 2. Entry and Exit sensor tour of duty 3. AT 89S52 micro-controller 4. Relay incurr circuit 1. Power Supply- Here we utilize +12V and +5V dc tycoon supply. The main function of this block is to provide the indispensable amount of voltage to essential circuits. 12 voltage is given. +12V is given to pass on driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply. 2. Enter and Exit locomotes- This is one of the main part of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For percept the person and lig ht we are using the light dependent picture (LDR). By using this sensor and its think circuit diagram we can count the persons. 3. 89S52 Microcontroller- It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of split second Programmable and Erasable larn Only Memory (PEROM).The dodge is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is matched with the MCS-51TM instruction align and spliff out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a received nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit central exhibiting unit with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so umpteen another(prenominal) insert control applications. 4. Relay Driver Circuit- This block has the say-so to drive the various controlled devices.In this block mainly we are using the electronic transistor and the pa ss ons. One electrical relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further kinetic the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allotted function. CHAPTER - 3 schematic DIAGRAM Transmission Circuit- Fig. 3. 1 Transmitter circuit Receiver Circuit- Fig. 3. 2 Receiver circuit * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION at that place are two main parts of the circuits. 1. Transmission Circuits (Infrared LEDs) 2. Receiver Circuit (detectors) . Transmission Circuit Fig. 3. 3 Transmitter circuit This circuit diagram shows how a 555 sequencer IC is configured to function as a basic monostable multivibrator. A monostable multivibrator is a timing circuit that changes state once triggered, just re frolics to its original state after a certain cadence delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its takings states is stable. It is also cognize as a one-shot. In this ci rcuit, a negative pulse utilise at pin 2 triggers an versed flip-flop that turns dark pin 7s discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up through R1.At the same clock time, the flip-flop brings the siding (pin 3) level to high. When capacitor C1 as charged up to about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output low and turning on pin 7s discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is undecomposed the product of R1 and C1, i. e. , t=R1C1. IR Transmission circuit is used to apply the modulate 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. round 1. 4K we get a 38 kHz signal. so you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz. 2. Receiver Circuit Fig. 3. 4 Receiver circuit The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when the there is an collapseion and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and impedance in the circuit. I. e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. stimulant drug is given to the mien 1 of the microcontroller.Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose. LTS 542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. And that time Relay will get Voltage and triggered so light will get voltage and it will turn on. And when counter will be 00 that time Relay will be sullen off. Reset handout will reset the microcontroller. CHAPTER - 4 HARDWARE intention DESCRIPTIONS Hardware Design- Infrared Sensor TSOP1738 Microcontroller AT89S52 Relay 7-Segment boast timepiece IC 555 Fig. 4. 1 Snap of the entire circuit 4. 1 affair Followed While DesigningI n the beginning I knowing the circuit in DIPTRACE software. Dip trace is a circuit designing software. afterward completion of the designing circuit I prepared the layout. Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software using hex file. Then soldering process was done. After completion of the soldering process I tested the circuit. hitherto the want output was not have goted and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and hence came to conclusion that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the desired results were obtained. . 2 List of Components Following is the list of components that are necessary to take a crap the assembly of the Digital Speedometer Cum Odometer * Microcontroller AT89S52 * IC 7805 * Sensor TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor) * Transformer 12-0-12, 500 mA * Preset 4. 7K * Disc capacitor 104,33pF * Reset button switch * Rectifier diode IN4148 * Tran sistor BC 547, CL 100 * 7-Segment Display 4. 3 Description of Components 4. 3. 1 Microcontroller AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit mainframe with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard delivers 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex s erial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. FEATURES- * 8 KB Reprogrammable flash. * 32 Programmable I/O lines. * 16 bit Timer/Counter3. * 8 burst sources. * Power range 4V 5. 5V * Endurance 1000 Writes / Erase cycles * neary static operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz * Three level program memory lock * Power off flag * Full duplex UART serial channel * economic crisis power idle and power down modes * Interrupt recovery from power down modes * 256 KB internal RAM * Dual data pointer 4. 3. 2TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)Fig. 4. 2 Infrared Sensor Description The TS OP17.. Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. free fall diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes. Features * Photo detector and preamplifier in one package * Internal filter for PCM frequency * Improved shield against electrical field disturbance * TTL and CMOS compatibility * Output active low Low power consumption * gritty immunity against ambient light * continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps) * Suitable burst length . 10 cycles/burst Block Diagram Fig. 4. 3 Block Diagram of TSOP 1738 use Circuit Fig. 4. 4 Application circuit 4. 3. 3 555 ( TIMER IC) Fig. 4. 5 Timer IC(555) Description The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provide d for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one outside resistor and capacitor.For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and barter cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or cash in ones chips up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits. Features * Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 * Timing from microseconds through hours * Operates in both astable and monostable modes * adjustable duty cycle * Output can source or sink 200 mA * Output and supply TTL compatible * Temperature stability check than 0. 05% per C * Normally on and normally off output * ready(prenominal) in 8-pin MSOP package Applications * Precision timing * Pulse generation * nonparallel timing * Time delay generation * Pulse width inflection * Pulse position modulation * Linear ramp generator 5 . 3. 4 LTS 542 (7-Segment Display) Description The LTS 542 is a 0. 52 inch digit height hotshot digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are make from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red face and red segment. Fig. 4. 6 7 Segment Features * Common Anode * 0. 52 Inch Digit Height * persisting Uniform Segments Low power Requirement * Excellent Characters Appearance * High Brightness High Contrast * Wide Viewing Angle 5. 3. 5 LM7805 (Voltage Regulator) Fig. 4. 7 Voltage Regulator Description The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive governor are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. severally type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and unattackable operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat change posture is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features * Output Current up to 1A * Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V * Thermal rob Protection * Short Circuit Protection * Output Transistor arctic Operating Area Protection 5. 3. 6 RELAY CIRCUIT Fig. 4. 8 Relay A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller.So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on. CHAPTER - 5 SOFTWARE DESIGN FLOW map Start Infrared Signal Transmission Interrupted from Sensor1 Interrupted from Sensor 2 Turn On Relay Counter Incremented Counter DecrementedCounter set to 0 Relay Turn Off Turn On Light Turn Off Light Fig. 4. 7 Flow Chart * If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted. * If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. * When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn off. CHAPTER - 6 TESTING AND RESULTSTesting And Results We started our project by making power supply. That is unaccented for me but when we turn toward the main circuit, there are many problem s and issues colligate to it, which we faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost advisable a We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues link to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then refer the data books and other materials related to its.I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired. And also the software problem. I also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired. And also the software problem. We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got over first trouble. After getting 9V from the tran sformer it was not converted to 5V and the circuit received 9V.As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the IC7805. also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completely damaged.. with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths. CHAPTER - 7 FUTURE EXPANSION FUTURE EXPANSION * By using this circuit and proper power supply we can fulfill various applications Such as fans, tube lights, etc. * By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of curtain raising and closing the door. CHAPTER - 8 APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Application * For counting purposes * For automatic room light control * Advantages * Low cost * Easy to use * Implement in single door * Disadvantages * It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be used when two person underwrite simultaneously. CHAPTER - 8 BIBILOGRAPHY Bibliography * Reference Books * Programming in ANSI C E BA LAGURUSAMY * The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI * The 8051 microcontroller KENNETH J. AYALA * Website * www. datasheets4u. com * www. 8051. com